Companies Not 'State' U/Art 12 Merely Because They Comply With Rules & Regulations Of Ministries, Public Regulators: Allahabad HC

The Allahabad High Court ruled that companies can be considered "state" under Article 12 and must comply with rules and regulations of ministries and public regulators, as demonstrated in the Nayara Energy case. The court emphasized the importance of regulatory compliance. This decision reinforces the broad scope of Article 12. The ruling clarifies the obligations of companies under regulatory frameworks.