Disciplinary Proceedings Need Only 'Preponderance of Probability', Not 'Beyond Reasonable Doubt': Madras HC

The Madras High Court upheld the dismissal of two Greaves Cotton Limited workers accused of engine sabotage, reaffirming that disciplinary proceedings require only a “preponderance of probability” rather than “beyond reasonable doubt.” The court found the dismissal proportionate to the serious nature of industrial sabotage, which had implications for public safety and company reputation. The inquiry findings were based on substantial evidence and proper cross-examination. The court emphasized the distinction between the standards of proof in criminal and disciplinary proceedings, underscoring the flexibility of the latter in employment law.