SC: Prior Statements Must Be Electronically Sent to Witnesses Examined Virtually

The Supreme Court issued directions ensuring procedural fairness in virtual criminal trials. It held that when witnesses are examined through video conferencing, their prior statements—such as Section 161 CrPC or Section 164 statements—must be electronically transmitted to them in advance. This prevents confusion, reduces delays, and ensures witnesses are fully aware of their recorded testimony. The Court stressed that virtual examination has become a necessity but must not compromise the integrity of proceedings. It laid down operational safeguards, including authentication of documents, acknowledgment of receipt by witnesses, and ensuring that they can view relevant case materials during cross-examination. The judgment strengthens digital infrastructure norms in courts, enhances transparency, and ensures that the shift to online hearings does not prejudice the rights of the accused or witnesses.